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Home » » Herbal drugs
Herbal drugs
Thursday, July 21, 2011 Posted by Piscean

Herbal drugs


Herbal medicine Common uses Special considerations
Aloe Oral
  • Constipation
  • Bowel evacuation
Topical
  • Minor burns
  • Skin irritation
  • The laxative actions of aloe may take up to 10 hours after ingestion to be effective.
  • Monitor the patient for signs of dehydration; geriatric patients are particularly at risk.
Constipation Oral
  • Anxiety or restlessness
  • Diarrhea
  • Motion sickness
  • Indigestion
Topical
  • Inflammation
  • Wound healing
  • Cutaneous burns
Teas
  • Sedation
  • Relaxation
  • People sensitive to ragweed and chrysanthemums or others in the Compositae family may be more susceptible to contact allergies and anaphylaxis.
  • Patients with hay fever or bronchial asthma caused by pollens are more susceptible to anaphylactic reactions.
  • Pregnant women shouldn’t use chamomile.
  • Chamomile may enhance anticoagulant’s effect.
Cranberry
  • Prophylaxis for urinary tract infection (UTI)
  • Treatment of UTI
  • Prevention of renal calculi
  • Only the unsweetened form of cranberry prevents bacteria from ad-hering to the bladder wall and preventing or treating UTIs
Echinacea
  • Supportive therapy to prevent and treat common cold and acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract
  • Echinacea is considered supportive therapy and shouldn’t be used in place of antibiotic therapy.
Feverfew
  • Prevention and treatment of migraines and headaches
  • Hot flashes
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Asthma
  • Menstrual problems
  • Avoid using in pregnant patients because feverfew is also an abortifa-cient.
  • Feverfew may increase the risk of abnormal bleeding when combined with an anticoagulant or antiplatelet.
  • Abruptly stopping feverfew may cause “postfeverfew syndrome” in-volving tension headaches, insomnia, joint stiffness and pain, and lethargy.
Garlic
  • Decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels
  • Prevent atherosclerosis
  • Age-related vascular changes
  • Prevent GI cancer
  • Coughs, colds, fevers, and sore throats
  • Odor of garlic may be apparent on breath and skin.
  • Garlic may prolong bleeding time in patients receiving anticoagulants.
  • Excess raw garlic intake may increase the risk of adverse reactions.
  • Garlic shouldn’t be used in patients with diabetes, insomnia, pemphi-gus, organ transplants, or rheumatoid arthritis or in those who have re-cently undergone surgery.
Ginger
  • Nausea (antiemetic)
  • Motion sickness
  • Morning sickness
  • GI upset (colic, flatulence, in-digestion)
  • Hypercholesteremia
  • Liver toxicity
  • Burns
  • Ulcers
  • Depression
  • Ginger may increase the risk of bleeding, bruising, or nosebleeds.
  • Pregnant women should obtain medical advice before using ginger medicinally.
  • Ginger may interfere with the intended therapeutic effects of certain conventional drugs.
Ginkgo biloba
  • “Memory” agent
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Multi-infarct dementia
  • Cerebral insufficiency
  • Intermittent claudication
  • Tinnitus
  • Headache
  • Adverse effects occur in less than 1% of patients; the most common is GI upset.
  • Ginkgo biloba may potentiate anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding.
  • Ginkgo extracts are considered standardized if they contain 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpene lactones.
  • Seizures have been reported in children after ingestion of more then 50 seeds.
  • Treatment should continue for 6 to 8 weeks but for no more than 3 months.
Ginseng
  • Fatigue
  • Improve concentration
  • Treat atherosclerosis
  • Also believed to strengthen the body and increase resistance to disease after sickness or weakness
  • Ginseng may cause severe adverse reactions when taken in large doses (more than 3 g per day for 2 years), such as increased motor and cognitive activity with significant diarrhea, nervousness, insomnia, hy-pertension, edema, and skin eruptions.
  • Ginseng may potentiate anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding.
Green tea
  • Prevent cancer
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Dental caries
  • Headaches
  • Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant
  • Mild diuretic
  • Green tea contains caffeine.
  • Avoid prolonged and high caffeine intake, which may cause restless-ness, irritability, insomnia, palpitations, vertigo, headache, and adverse GI effects.
  • Adding milk may decrease adverse GI effects of green tea.
  • Green tea may potentiate anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding.
Kava
  • Antianxiety
  • Stress
  • Restlessness
  • Sedation
  • Promote wound healing
  • Headache
  • Seizure disorders
  • Common cold
  • Respiratory infections
  • Kava is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.
  • Kava shouldn’t be used in combination with St. John’s wort.
  • Kava shouldn’t be taken with other CNS depressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levodopa, antiplatelets, alcohol, or anxiolytics.
  • Kava can cause drowsiness and may impair motor reflexes and men-tal acuity; advise the patient to avoid hazardous activities.
  • Effects should appear within 2 days of initiation of therapy.
St. John's wort
  • Mild to moderate depression
  • Anxiety
  • Psychovegetative disorders
  • Sciatica
  • Viral infections
  • Effects may take several weeks; however, if no improvement occurs after 4 to 6 weeks, consider alternative therapy.
  • St. John’s wort interacts with many different types of drugs.
  • St. John’s wort shouldn’t be used in combination with prescription antidepressants or antianxiety medications.
Vitex
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Vitex should be taken in the morning with water.
  • Vitex is a very slow acting substance; it may take several cycles to see an effect.
Yohimbine
  • Impotence (works as an aphrodisiac)
  • Yohimbine may cause CNS excitation, including tremor, sleeplessness, anxiety, increased blood pressure, and tachycardia.
  • Don’t use in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency.
 



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