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Treatment and antidotes for chemical weapons exposure
Thursday, July 21, 2011 Posted by Piscean


Treatment and antidotes for chemical weapons exposure
Listed here are potentially threatening chemical agents, treatments currently available, and antidotes.
In the event of chemical agent exposure, follow standard precautions and decontamination protocols, such as removing clothing and sealing it in plastic bags, irrigating the eyes, washing skin and hair using copious water, treating waste water as needed, and decontaminating the health care facility according to the specific agent involved.
Chemical agent Treatment Antidote
Nerve agents Sarin
Soman
Tabun
VX
  • Supportive care
  • Diazepam or lorazepam to prevent seizures
  • Atropine I.M. or I.V.
  • Pralidoxime chloride I.M. or I.V.
Cyanides Cyanogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
  • Supportive care
  • 100% oxygen by face mask; may need en-dotracheal (ET) intubation with 100% FIO 2
  • Activated charcoal for conscious patient
  • Amyl nitrite via inhalation
  • Sodium nitrite I.V. and sodium thiosulfate I.V.; dosage based on patient’s weight and hemoglobin level
Vesicants or blister agents Lewisite
Mustard lewisite
Nitrogen mustard
Phosgene oxime
Sulfur mustard
  • Thermal burn therapy
  • Respiratory support and eye care
  • No antidote available for mus-tards or phosgene oxime
  • For lewisite and lewisite mustard mixtures: British Anti-Lewisite I.M. (rarely available)
Pulmonary or choking agents Chlorine
Diphosgene
Phosgene
Sulfur dioxide
  • Supportive care
  • Oxygen thera-py; possible ET intubation and mechanical ventilation with positive-end expiratory pressure
  • None
Ricin (biotoxin isolated from castor bean oil extract)
  • Supportive care
  • For ingestion, activated charcoal
  • None
T-2 mycotoxins (toxic compounds pro-duced by fungi)
Fusarium
Myrotecium
Stachybotrys
Trichoderma
Verticimonosporium
«Supportive
  • Supportive care
  • For ingestion, activated charcoal
  • Possible high-dose steroids
  • None
 

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