| OPHTHALMIC DRUGS |
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| Drug | Action | Treatment uses | Adverse reactions |
| Antiallergic agents |
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| Azelastine | | - To treat allergic conjunctivitis
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| Cromolyn |
| - To treat seasonal conjunctivitis
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| Emedastine |
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| Ketotifen |
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| Lodoxamide |
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| Olopatadine |
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| Anesthetics |
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| Proparacaine | - Prevent the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses
| - To anesthetize the cornea, allowing application of instruments for measuring intraocular pressure (I0P) or removing foreign bodies
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| Tetracaine |
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| - To prepare for suture removal, conjunctival or corneal scraping, and tear duct manipulation
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| Anti-infectives |
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| Ciprofloxacin | - Kill bacteria or inhibit growth of bacteria or viruses
| - To treat corneal ulcers or conjunctivitis caused by bacteria, fungus, or virus (each drug is specific to particular organisms)
| - Secondary eye infections (with prolonged use)
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| Erythromycin |
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| Gentamicin |
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| - Severe hypersensitivity reactions
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| Levofloxacin |
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| Natamycin |
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| Norfloxacin |
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| Ofloxacin |
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| Sulfacetamide |
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| Sulfisoxazole |
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| Tobramycin |
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| Trifluridine |
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| Anti-inflammatories |
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| Steroidalanti-anti-inflammatories | - Decrease leukocyte infilinfiltration at inflammation sites, causing reduced oozing of fluids and reduced edema, redness, and scarring
| - To treat inflammatory disorders and hypersensitivity-related conditions of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva, sclera, and anterior uvea
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| Dexamethasone |
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| - Increased susceptibility to viral or fungal corneal infection
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| Fluorometholone |
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| Loteprednol |
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| Prednisolone |
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| Rimexolone |
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| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories | - Decrease inflammation and itching
| - To inhibit pupil constriction during surgery (flurbiprofen and suprofen)
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| Diclofenac |
| - To reduce itching due to seasonal allergies (ketorolac)
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| Flurbiprofen |
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| Ketorolac |
| - To treat inflammation after surgery
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| Suprofen |
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| Lubricants |
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| Methylcellulose | | - To protect cornea during diagnostic procedures
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| Polyvinyl alcohol | |
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| - To moisten contact lenses
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| Miotics |
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| Carbachol | - Stimulate and contract the sphincter muscle of the iris, constricting the pupil
| - To treat open-angle glaucoma, acute and chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and certain cases of secondary glaucoma resulting from increased IOP
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| Pilocarpine | |
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| Mydriatics |
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| Dipivefrin | - Acton the iris to dilate the pupil
| - To dilate the pupils for intraocular examinations
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| Epinephrine |
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| Hydroxyamphetamine | | - To lower I0P in patients with glaucoma
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| Phenylephrine |
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| - Impaired ability to coordinate movement
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| - Transient burning sensations
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| Mydriatics and cycloplegics |
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| Atropine sulfate | - Act on the ciliary body of the eye to paralyze the fine-focusing muscles (thereby preventing accommodation for near vision)
| - To perform refractive eye examinations in children before and after ophthalmic surgery
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| Cyclopentolate hydrochloride |
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| Homatropine hydrobromide |
| - To treat conditions involving the iris
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| Tropicamide |
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| Other drugs to lower IOP |
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| Adrenergic blockers (topical) | - May reduce aqueous humor formation and slightly increase aqueous humor outflow
| - To prevent and control elevated IOP, chronic open-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma
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| Apraclonidine |
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| Betaxolol | outflow |
| Slow heart rate |
| Brimonidine |
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| Carteolol |
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| Levobunolol |
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| Metipranolol |
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| Timolol maleate |
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| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | - Inhibit action of carbonic anhydrase, thus decreasing aqueous humor production
| - To treat chronic open angle glaucoma, acute angle-closure episodes, and secondary glaucoma
| - Hemolytic or aplastic anemia
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| Hypokalemia |
| Acetazolamide |
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| Leukopenia |
| Brinzolamide |
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| Nausea and vomiting |
| Dorzolamide |
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| Osmotic agents Glycerin | - Reduce volume of vitreous humor
| To prepare for intraocular surgery | «Hypokalemia |
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| To treat acute glaucoma | «Diuresis |
| Isosorbide | Decrease IOP |
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| Mannitol |
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| Prostaglandin analogues | | To treat glaucoma | «Irritation |
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| Tearing |
| Bimatoprost |
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| Latanoprost |
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| Travoprost |
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| Unoprostone |
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